<p>ArmaForce® Throat Relief contains a blend of Manuka honey, herbal extracts and zinc. Sage is used in traditional western herbal medicine to relieve mild inflammation of the throat, while licorice is used in traditional Chinese medicine to relieve symptoms of sore throat. Echinacea is traditionally used in western herbal medicine to help relieve the symptoms associated with upper respiratory tract infections, including the common cold. Zinc helps to support healthy immune function.</p>

• Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) root and stolon - 71.6 mg (min. equiv. to dry 286.4 mg, equiv. to glycyrrhizinic acid 14.3 mg)
• Echinacea purpurea (echinacea) root 31.8 mg (equiv. to dry 190.8 mg, equiv. to cichoric acid 6.3 micrograms)
• Salvia officinalis (sage) leaf 34.7mg (equiv. to dry 190.8mg)
• Zinc (as gluconate) 2.2 mg
• Clove bud oil 1.4 micrograms
• Honey (Manuka) 71.6 mg

Adults: Spray 5 times towards the back of the throat. Repeat every 2 hours as required. Use a maximum of 8 times (40 sprays) in 24 hours, or as professionally prescribed.

Do not use in children.

Not suitable for infants under the age of 12 months.

Not to be used in children under 2 years of age without medical advice.

Contains honey, potassium sorbate and ethanol 9.85% v/v as a preservative.

Do not use during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Avoid combination -

Echinacea: Etoposide - Other antineoplastic agents

Probable etoposide interaction with Echinacea.

Zinc: Demeclocycline - Tetracyclines

Interactions with the absorption of tetracyclines.

Zinc: Minocycline - Tetracyclines

Interactions with the absorption of tetracyclines.

Zinc: Norfloxacin - Quinolones

Norfloxacin interaction with antacids and minerals.

Zinc: Tetracycline - Tetracyclines

Effect of zinc sulphate on the absorption of tetracycline and doxycycline in man.

Caution -

Echinacea: CYP3A4 substrates

Analysis of the Inhibitory Potential of Ginkgo biloba, Echinacea purpurea and Serenoa repens on the Metabolic Activity of Cytochrome P450 3A4, 2D6 and 2C9

In vivo assessment of botanical supplementation on human cytochrome P450 phenotypes: Citrus aurantium, Echinacea purpurea, milk thistle, and saw palmetto

Echinacea: Caffeine - CYP1A2 substrates

In vivo assessment of botanical supplementation on human cytochrome P450 phenotypes: Citrus aurantium, Echinacea purpurea, milk thistle, and saw palmetto

The effect of echinacea (Echinacea purpurea root) on cytochrome P450 activity in vivo

Echinacea: Midazolam - Sedatives, hypnotics

The effect of echinacea (Echinacea purpurea root) on cytochrome P450 activity in vivo.

In vivo assessment of botanical supplementation on human cytochrome P450 phenotypes: Citrus aurantium, Echinacea purpurea, milk thistle, and saw palmetto

Echinacea: Tolbutamide - Hypoglycaemic agents

The effect of echinacea (Echinacea purpurea root) on cytochrome P450 activity in vivo

Echinacea: Warfarin - Anticoagulants, antithrombotics

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of echinacea and policosanol with warfarin in healthy subjects.

Licorice: Antihypertensive agents

Liquorice-induced rise in blood pressure: a linear dose-response relationship.

Subjects with essential hypertension are more sensitive to the inhibition of 11 beta-HSD by liquorice.

Licorice: Laxatives

The influence of the sennosides on absorption of glycyrrhetic acid in rats.

Pseudohyperaldosteronism from liquorice-containing laxatives.

Licorice: Cyclosporin - Immunomodifiers

Liquorice reduced cyclosporine bioavailability by activating P-glycoprotein and CYP 3A.

Licorice: Digoxin - Cardiac inotropic agents

Congestive heart failure caused by digitalis toxicity in an elderly man taking a licorice-containing chinese herbal laxative.

Licorice: Midazolam - CYP3A4 substrates

Effect of glycyrrhizin on the activity of CYP3A enzyme in humans.

Licorice: Prednisolone - Adrenal steroid hormones

Effect of oral administration of glycyrrhizin on the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone

Clinical characteristics of five elderly patients with severe hypokalemia induced by glycyrrhizin derivatives.

Glycyrrhizin induces mineralocorticoid activity through alterations in cortisol metabolism in the human kidney

The inhibitory effects of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid on the metabolism of cortisol and prednisolone--in vivo and in vitro studies.

Effect of oral administration of glycyrrhizin on the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone.

Zinc: Cephalexin - Cephalosporins

The Effect of Staggered Administration of Zinc Sulfate on the Pharmacokinetics of Oral Cephalexin

Zinc: Penicillamine - Antirheumatoid agents

Treatment of Wilson's disease with zinc: XI. Interaction with other anticopper agents.

Controlled trial of D-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis. Dose effect and the role of zinc.

Inconclusive

Licorice: Hyperacidity, reflux and ulcers

The influence of commonly prescribed synthetic drugs for peptic ulcer on the pharmacokinetic fate of glycyrrhizin from Shaoyao-Gancao-tang.

Repetitive administration of Shaoyao-Gancao-tang to rats restores the bioavailability of glycyrrhizin reduced by antibiotic treatment.

Licorice: Atazanavir

Herb-drug interaction between an anti-HIV Chinese herbal SH formula and atazanavir in vitro and in vivo.

Herb-drug interaction between an anti-HIV Chinese herbal SH formula and atazanavir in vitro and in vivo.

Licorice: Caffeine

The in-vivo effects of sho-saiko-to, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on two cytochrome P450 enzymes (1A2 and 3A) and xanthine oxidase in man.

Licorice: Esomeprazole (Nexium) - Hyperacidity, reflux and ulcers

To evaluate of the effect of adding licorice to the standard treatment regimen of Helicobacter pylori.

To evaluate of the effect of adding licorice to the standard treatment regimen of Helicobacter pylori.

Licorice: Esomeprazole (Nexium) - Hyperacidity, reflux and ulcers

Effect of glycyrrhizin on CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 activity in healthy volunteers with different CYP2C19 genotypes.

Licorice: Omeprazole (Prilosec, Zegerid, Omesec) - Hyperacidity, reflux and ulcers

Effect of glycyrrhizin on CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 activity in healthy volunteers with different CYP2C19 genotypes.

Licorice: Omeprazole (Prilosec, Zegerid, Omesec) - Hyperacidity, reflux and ulcers

Speculative -

Licorice: Warfarin - Anticoagulants, antithrombotics

Potential interactions between alternative therapies and warfarin.

Traditional Chinese medicines Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra chinensis Baill) and Gan Cao (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) activate pregnane X receptor and increase warfarin clearance in rats.